COV KHOOM SIV RAU LUB ROOJ SIB THAM BAGASSE PUAS MUAJ KEV NYAB XEEB RAU MENYUAM? TXHUA TUS NIAM TXIV YUAV TSUM PAUB COV NO.

 Publisher: MVI ECO

2026/1/30

Ykoj mob siab txog yam uas muab tso rau ntawm koj tus menyuam lub phaj—tab sis koj puas tau xav txog yam uas lub phaj nws tus kheej ua los ntawm?

Yog tias koj tau tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv uas tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, tej zaum koj yuav tau pom cov khoom siv bagasse. Nws zoo li muaj kev cia siab: ua los ntawm qab zib, lwj tau, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg. Tab sis ntawm no yog lo lus nug tiag tiag uas txhua tus niam txiv nug:Cov khoom siv hauv bagasse puas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus?

Cov lus teb luv luv? Yog—thaum koj xaiv cov khoom zoo nrog cov ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog.

Tiam sis cia peb kawm ntxiv. Koj tsim nyog paub meej tias dab tsi ua rau cov khoom siv hauv bagasse muaj kev nyab xeeb, yuav tsum saib dab tsi thaum yuav, thiab seb nws puas ua tau raws li cov lus hais tias tsis ua rau ib puag ncig puas tsuaj. Phau ntawv qhia no muab cov lus tseeb rau koj kom koj tsev neeg xaiv tau zoo.

Bagasse Tableware yog dab tsi tiag?

Bagasse yog cov khoom siv fibrous uas tshuav tom qab cov kua txiv qab zib raug rho tawm los ua suab thaj. Es tsis txhob raug pov tseg lossis hlawv (uas ua rau muaj kuab paug), cov khoom ua liaj ua teb no tau hloov mus ua cov tais diav, tais, khob, thiab thawv uas ruaj khov thiab lwj tau.

Nov yog nws ua haujlwm li cas:

Cov fibers uas seem ntawm cov qab zib raug sau, ntxuav, thiab muab zom ua cov khoom siv pwm, tom qab ntawd muab ua kom sov thiab nias ua ntau yam khoom siv rooj tog. Qhov tshwm sim yog dab tsi? Cov khoom siv ruaj khov, ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem hloov cov yas thiab styrofoam pov tseg yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Qhov ua rau bagasse tseem ceeb rau tsev neeg yog qhov nws tsis muaj dab tsi. Tsis zoo li cov tais diav yas ib txwm muaj uas tuaj yeem nqus cov tshuaj lom neeg mus rau hauv cov zaub mov, cov khoom bagasse uas tsim tau zoo tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv rau cov menyuam yaus uas tab tom loj hlob.

Vim Li Cas Kev Nyab Xeeb Txog Tshuaj Lom Neeg Tseem Ceeb Dua Rau Cov Menyuam

CCov menyuam yaus tsis yog cov neeg laus me xwb—lawv ntsib teeb meem tshwj xeeb thaum nws los txog rau kev raug tshuaj lom neeg:

• Cov nqi metabolic sai duapiv rau qhov loj ntawm lub cev
• Kev noj zaub mov thiab dej ntau duaib phaus ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub cev
• Cov cev tseem tab tom loj hlobyooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hormones
• Kev coj cwj pwm ntawm tes rau qhov ncaujuas ua rau muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv

Qhov no yog vim li cas cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag, tshwj xeeb yog ob qho loj: BPA thiab PFAS.

Qhov Teeb Meem BPA

BPA (Bisphenol A) yog siv rau hauv qee yam yas los tsim kom muaj qhov tawv thiab meej. Kev tshawb fawb tau txuas nws rau kev cuam tshuam endocrine - txhais tau tias nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ib txwm muaj. Qhov kev txhawj xeeb no loj txaus uas FDA txwv tsis pub BPA siv rau hauv cov raj mis menyuam yaus thiab cov khob haus dej raws li txoj cai lij choj hauv tebchaws, lees paub tias cov menyuam yaus muaj kev phom sij npaum li cas.

Qhov Kev hem thawj ntawm PFAS

PFAS (cov tshuaj per- thiab polyfluoroalkyl) yog "cov tshuaj lom neeg mus ib txhis" qee zaum ntxiv rau cov khoom siv pov tseg kom ua rau lawv tiv taus roj. Cov tshuaj no tsis tawg hauv ib puag ncig thiab sib sau ua ke hauv tib neeg lub cev dhau sijhawm. Ntau lub xeev tau txwv tsis pub siv PFAS hauv cov ntim khoom noj vim yog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv no.

Nov yog qhov no txhais li cas rau koj:Txhua pluas noj uas muab rau ntawm cov tais diav yas lossis cov tais diav uas muaj tshuaj lom neeg qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm raug cov tshuaj uas yuav cuam tshuam rau koj tus menyuam txoj kev loj hlob.

Cov Khoom Siv Bagasse Puas Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Cov Menyuam? Cov Pov Thawj Qhia Tau Tias Yog

WThaum koj xaiv cov khoom siv hauv chav ua mov bagasse uas tau ntawv pov thawj, koj tab tom xaiv qhov kev xaiv uas muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Nov yog vim li cas:

1. Tsis muaj BPA—Los ntawm Xwm, Tsis yog los ntawm kev tshem tawm

Cov tais diav Bagasse tsis muaj BPA kiag li. Tsis yog vim cov chaw tsim khoom "tshem tawm" nws, tab sis vimBPA tsuas yog muaj nyob rau hauv cov yas synthesisVim tias bagasse yog cov fiber ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas raug nias—tsis yog cov yas uas tau tsim los—BPA yeej tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom.

Xav txog nws li no: Koj tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm roj cav ntawm lub tsho paj rwb vim tias roj cav yeej tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev ua lub tsho. Ib yam li ntawd, BPA yeej tsis yog ib feem ntawm kev ua cov khoom bagasse vim tias koj tsis tsim cov yas polymers - koj tab tom pwm cov fibers ntuj.

Raws li FDA cov cai tswj cov khoom siv sib cuag zaub mov (21 CFR 176.170), bagasse poob rau hauv pawg ntawm cov cellulosic fibers uas tsis xav tau cov tshuaj ntxiv siv hauv kev tsim yas.

2. Tsis muaj PFAS thaum tsim khoom kom raug

Cov khoom siv hauv rooj tog bagasse zoo yog tsim tawm yam tsis muaj PFAS txheej. Cov xov ntuj tsim muaj cov roj tiv taus thaum ua tiav zoo, tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj kho.

Tseem Ceeb:Tsis yog txhua lub tuam txhab tsim khoom ua raws li txoj kev coj ua no. Nrhiav cov khoom uas muaj daim ntawv lo tias "tsis muaj PFAS" thiab tau ntawv pov thawj raws li cov qauv xws li ASTM D6400 lossis EN13432.

3. Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Kev Noj Mov Txhua Hnub Hauv Tsev Neeg

Cov tais diav Bagasse tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub txog li 220 ° F (104 ° C) yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov qauv lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg.

Qhov no txhais li cas hauv kev xyaum? Koj tuaj yeem:

• Siv lub tshuab microwave rau koj tus menyuam cov khoom seem li 2-3 feeb yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb
• Noj cov pizza kub, pasta, lossis cov khoom noj ci kom muaj kev nyab xeeb
• Rov ua kom cov khoom noj txom ncauj sov dua yam tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom noj

Tsis zoo li qee cov yas uas khoov lossis tso cov tshuaj lom neeg tawm thaum raug cua sov, bagasse tseem nyob ruaj khov. Ntau lub tuam txhab tsim khoom lees tias lawv cov khoom siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave rau lub sijhawm luv luv - zoo meej rau lub neej tsev neeg uas muaj ntau.

4. Tsis muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov khoom zoo

Cov tais diav bagasse uas ua tau zoo tsis tas yuav siv cov tshuaj sib txuas, cov tshuaj dawb, lossis cov tshuaj pleev xim. Cov lignin ntuj hauv cov fibers qab zib ua haujlwm ua tus neeg sawv cev khi thaum lub sijhawm pwm, tuav cov khoom ua ke yam tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv.

Kev kuaj mob hauv chav kuaj mob ywj pheej lees paub tias cov khoom lag luam bagasse uas tau ntawv pov thawj qhia tau tias:

• Tsis muaj cov hlau hnyav uas pom tau (lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury)
• Tsis muaj formaldehyde (tsis zoo li qee cov khoom siv xyoob fiber)
• Tsis muaj cov tshuaj chlorine bleach residues

Kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud raws li cov qauv ntawm EU thiab FDA cov cai tswj kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov ua pov thawj tias cov khoom no ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb nruj heev.

Kev Tshem Tawm Dab Neeg: Kev Txhawj Xeeb Txog Kev Nyab Xeeb ntawm Bagasse

Cuav: "Cov khoom Bagasse tej zaum yuav muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zais cia"

Qhov Tseeb:Cov bagasse zoo yog ua los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntuj tsim tsis muaj tshuaj lom lossis cov khoom ntxiv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog xaiv cov khoom lag luam uas tau ntawv pov thawj los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom uas muaj npe nrov thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj pom tseeb.

Cuav: "Nws tsis zoo rau cov khoom noj kub vim nws yuav ua rau cov tshuaj lom tawm"

Qhov Tseeb:Cov tais diav Bagasse tiv taus cua sov txog li 220°F thiab tsis tawm cov tshuaj lom thaum tsim kom zoo. Tsis zoo li cov yas uas tuaj yeem tso cov tshuaj lom tawm thaum cua sov, bagasse tseem ruaj khov ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau kev noj mov.

Cuav: "Cov xov yuav ua rau kuv tus menyuam daim tawv nqaij lossis qhov ncauj khaus"

Qhov Tseeb:Cov bagasse uas ua tau zoo muaj qhov ntxhib du. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog siv los ua khoom ua si, yog tias koj tus menyuam yaus tom ntug (ib yam li cov menyuam yaus ua), cov fibers ntuj tsim tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab yuav mos thaum nws qaub ncaug, zoo li ntawv.

Cuav: "Txhua yam khoom uas zoo rau ib puag ncig yeej muaj kev nyab xeeb"

Qhov Tseeb:Tsis yog txhua lub bagasse yog tsim los zoo ib yam. Qee cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov tshuaj pleev xim lossis cov khoom ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim li cas daim ntawv pov thawj thiaj li tseem ceeb - lawv xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev sim ywj pheej.

Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Bagasse Uas Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Koj Cov Menyuam

NTsis yog txhua yam khoom bagasse yog tsim los sib npaug. Nov yog koj phau ntawv qhia yuav khoom siv tau:

Nrhiav Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Tseem Ceeb no

✓Kev Ua Raws Cai ntawm FDA rau Kev Sib Txuas Lus Khoom Noj- Paub tseeb tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas rau cov ntaub ntawv uas kov cov khoom noj
✓Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Tsis Muaj PFAS- Hais meej meej tias tsis muaj "tshuaj lom neeg mus ib txhis" tau siv
✓Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Uas Ua Tau Puv Ntoob(ASTM D6400 lossis EN13432) - Txheeb xyuas kev tawg ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb yam tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom seem
✓Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Tsis Muaj BPA- Txawm hais tias bagasse tsis muaj BPA los xij, cov npe lag luam txhim khu kev qha hais meej meej txog qhov no

Tshawb xyuas cov cim qhia txog kev zoo ntawm lub cev

QCov khoom siv bagasse zoo yuav tsum muaj:
Xim dawb tawm los yog xim av daj (xim dawb kaj qhia tias siv tshuaj dawb)
Cov tuab sib xws tsis muaj cov pob nyias uas yuav xau
Cov npoo du tsis muaj cov xov xoob ntau dhau
Tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg lossis ntxhiab tsw ntawm kev lag luam thaum qhib

Tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm Chaw Tsim Khoom

Cov chaw tsim khoom ntseeg siab muab:

• Cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev nrhiav khoom siv kom meej
• Cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem ntawm cov neeg thib peb muaj
• Cov lej ntawm pawg lossis ntau rau kev taug qab
• Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev siv suav nrog cov kev txwv kub

Cov Cim Liab Yuav Tsum Tsis Txhob Ua

✗ Tus nqi qis heev (zoo muaj tus nqi)
✗ Muaj ntxhiab tshuaj lom neeg thaum koj qhib lub pob khoom
✗ Dawb ntau dhau (qhia tias dawb lawm)
✗ Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom
✗ Cov lus thov tias "muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hauv qhov cub" lossis "siv dua tshiab tau" (muaj peev xwm ua kom dhau los)

Cov khoom siv bagasse ua tau li cas tiag?

Bdhau ntawm kev nyab xeeb, cov khoom siv bagasse yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm rau tsev neeg noj mov tsis huv.

Nws Ua Haujlwm Zoo Li Cas

✓ Cov pizza hlais, cov nqaij qaib nuggets, cov pasta nrog cov kua ntses
✓ Cov khoom noj kub txog li 220°F
✓ Ncuav mog qab zib hnub yug thiab frosting
✓ Siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua kom sov (2-3 feeb)
✓ Raug poob ntawm qhov siab ntawm lub rooj
✓ Kev saib xyuas menyuam yaus zoo siab

Qhov Nws Tsis Ua Haujlwm

✗ Kua zaub los yog cov khoom noj ntub heev (yuav nqus tau thiab mos)
✗ Siv qhov cub ntev dua (tsim los rau kev noj, tsis yog ua noj)
✗ Siv tau ntau zaus (tsim los siv ib zaug xwb)
✗ Kev sib cuag kua dej ntev (45+ feeb)

Cov niam txiv tshaj tawm tias cov phaj no tiv taus cov menyuam yaus lub cev tsis zoo li qub - siv rab diav rawg chob, muab zaub mov tso rau hauv, qee zaum poob - tsis muaj qhov ntub dej li cov phaj ntawv lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov yas.

Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig uas koj cov menyuam yuav tau txais

CKev xaiv cov tais diav bagasse uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus tsis yog hais txog pluas noj hnub no xwb - nws yog hais txog lub ntiaj teb tag kis.

Xav txog cov lus tseeb no:

• Cov phaj yas noj450+ xyookom lwj tag
• Cov phaj Bagasse tawg ua tej daim me me60-90 hnubhauv cov chaw ua composting
• Txhua lub phaj yas los ntawm koj tus menyuam lub hnub yug yuav nyob ntev dua lawv, lawv cov menyuam, thiab lawv cov xeeb ntxwv
• Cov khoom me me los ntawm cov yas uas lwj tau pom muaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, placentas, thiab thoob plaws peb ib puag ncig.

Thaum koj xaiv cov khoom siv uas ua tau los ntawm cov av lwj, koj yuav txo tau qhov teeb meem me me uas koj cov menyuam yuav ntsib hauv lawv lub neej. Nws yog ib qho chaw uas kev xaiv noj qab haus huv rau koj tus menyuam lub cev hnub no kuj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua rau lawv ib puag ncig tag kis.

Kev Hloov Pauv: Ib Txoj Kev Npaj Rau Tsev Neeg Uas Siv Tau Zoo

Npaj txhij sim cov tais diav bagasse? Nov yog ib txoj hauv kev uas ua tau tiag tiag:

Theem 1: Sim Ua Ntej

Yuav ib pob me me (25-50 daim) los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom uas tau ntawv pov thawj. Siv lawv rau ib pluag mov rau tsev neeg ib lub lim tiam los sim seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas nrog koj cov zaub mov ib txwm muaj. Saib seb lawv ua li cas rau qhov kub thiab hom zaub mov sib txawv ua ntej yuav ntau.

Theem 2: Kev Siv Tswv Yim

Siv cov tais diav bagasse rau cov xwm txheej uas nws ua rau muaj kev nkag siab:

• Cov tog hnub yug thiab kev ua koob tsheej
• Cov pluas noj sab nraum zoov thiab cov khoom noj sab nraum zoov
• Cov pluas su hauv tsev kawm ntawv (yog tias koj lub tsev kawm ntawv ua cov chiv av)
• Cov rooj sib tham loj uas tsis tuaj yeem ntxuav tais diav

Rau cov pluas noj hauv tsev txhua hnub, cov tais diav ib txwm tseem yog qhov kev xaiv ruaj khov tshaj plaws.

Theem 3: Pov tseg kom raug

Yog tias koj muaj cai siv cov chiv ua chiv:Muab cov tais diav ua tej daim me me thiab muab tso rau hauv koj lub thoob khib nyiab. Lawv yuav lwj tag hauv 60-90 hnub.

Yog siv cov khib nyiab ib txwm:Lawv tseem yuav lwj sai dua li cov yas hauv cov chaw pov tseg, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis ua tiav lawv cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig tag nrho.

Yeej tsis muaj hnub:Muab tso rau hauv kev siv dua tshiab (ua rau cov ntawv ntws qias neeg) lossis hlawv (ua rau lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig tsis zoo).

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

1. Kuv tus menyuam yaus puas tuaj yeem tom lub tais bagasse kom muaj kev nyab xeeb?

Txawm hais tias tsis yog tsim los ua khoom ua si, yog tias koj tus menyuam yaus tom ntawm ntug, nws yuav tsis ua rau lawv mob. Cov fibers tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav mos nrog cov qaub ncaug. Txawm hais li ntawd los, ib txwm saib xyuas cov menyuam yaus thaum noj mov kom tiv thaiv kev phom sij ntawm kev txhaws los ntawm cov khoom tawg.

2. Puas yog txhua yam khoom bagasse puas siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave?

Feem ntau cov khoom siv hauv chav ua mov bagasse zoo siv tau rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave rau lub sijhawm luv luv (2-3 feeb rau kev rov ua kom sov). Txawm li cas los xij, ib txwm xyuas cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Kev ua kom sov dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom qhuav, txawm hais tias nws yuav tsis tso cov tshuaj lom neeg phem tawm.

3. Kuv yuav paub li cas yog tias cov tais diav bagasse muaj cov tshuaj pleev xim tsis zoo?

Nrhiav daim ntawv pov thawj "tsis muaj PFAS". Xyuas seb puas muaj xim dawb tawm ntawm cov khoom (yog tias dawb ntau dhau qhia tias siv tshuaj lom neeg). Qhib lub pob thiab hnia - txhua yam ntxhiab tshuaj lom neeg yog ib qho cim liab. Xaiv cov hom lag luam uas muab cov ntaub ntawv kuaj los ntawm lwm tus.

4. Cov bagasse puas zoo rau cov menyuam mos pib noj zaub mov khov?

Yog, cov tais diav uas siv bagasse uas tau ntawv pov thawj muaj kev nyab xeeb rau cov menyuam yaus uas coj kev tso zis thiab cov khoom noj thawj zaug. Cov tais diav bagasse uas muab faib ua ob feem ua haujlwm zoo heev—tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab cov chav sib cais pab tswj cov khoom noj thiab tshawb nrhiav cov khoom noj.

5. Yog tias kuv tus menyuam muaj kev tsis haum rau qab zib (sugar) ne?

Kev ua xua rau cov khoom qab zib los ntawm cov txiv pos nphuab tsis tshua muaj. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tus menyuam muaj kev ua xua rau cov khoom qab zib los ntawm cov txiv pos nphuab, nrog koj tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus tham ua ntej siv cov khoom bagasse.

Cov Kab Hauv Qab: Yog, Bagasse Tableware Muaj Kev Nyab Xeeb Rau Cov Menyuam

ATom qab tshuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tshuaj xyuas cov qauv kev nyab xeeb raug cai, thiab nkag siab txog kev ua tau zoo hauv ntiaj teb tiag tiag, qhov xaus lus meej meej:

Cov khoom siv rooj tog bagasse uas tau ntawv pov thawj zoo muaj kev nyab xeeb rau menyuam yaus.

Cov khoom no muaj:

• Tsis muaj BPA(tsis yog yas ua los ntawm cov yas, yog li BPA yeej tsis nkag mus rau hauv qhov sib npaug)
• Tsis muaj PFAS(thaum tsim khoom thiab tau ntawv pov thawj zoo)
• Tsis muaj cov khoom ntxiv uas ua rau muaj kev phom sij(cov fibers ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg)
• Kev ruaj khov ntawm cua sovrau kev noj zaub mov kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab rov ua kom sov dua

Lawv ua tau raws li FDA cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev sib cuag nrog zaub mov thiab tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov neeg sab nraud rau cov tshuaj lom.

Kuv Cov Lus Qhia

Flossis cov tsev neeg txhawj xeeb txog ob qho tib si kev cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv tam sim ntawd thiab kev puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev ntawm ib puag ncig:Cov tais diav bagasse yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam cov khoom siv pov tseg.

Lawv tsis zoo tag nrho. Tsis muaj dab tsi zoo tag nrho. Tab sis lawv ua tiav hauv kev daws teeb meem kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb (kev raug tshuaj lom neeg, kev phom sij ntawm cov qauv) thaum tseem txo cov teeb meem ib puag ncig.

Cov phaj bagasse ua haujlwm. Lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb. Thiab lawv muaj tam sim no - qhov no tseem ceeb thaum koj xav txiav txim siab txog lub rooj noj mov hnub yug lub lim tiam tom ntej, tsis yog yav tom ntej uas xav tau.

  -Qhov Kawg-

Cov Lus Qhia Txog:

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